In 2016, Rapid7 Labs launched the National Exposure Index in order to get a measurable, quantitative answer to a fairly fundamental question: What is the nature of internet exposure—services that either do not offer modern cryptographic protection, or are otherwise unsuitable to offer on the increasingly hostile internet—and where, physically, are these exposed services located? Now in our third year, we continue this ongoing investigation into the risk of passive eavesdropping and active attack on the internet, and offer insight into the continuing changes involving these exposed services. We’ve also added a third dimension for exposure, “amplification potential,” in the wake of the disastrous memcached exposure uncovered in 2018.