We chose to analyze four recent ransomware attacks. These ransomware attacks resulted in significant business disruption and financial impact, and in some cases, continue to result in collateral damage. While details are often sparse on how the attacks happened, the nature of the attack can be examined to determine the degree to which basic ransomware controls impact organizational outcomes. Many ransomware attacks are not technically sophisticated, but instead take advantage of controllable gaps and lapses that organizations do not actively seek to identify and remediate.