Alto’s methodology employs a data-first approach with the objective of supporting experts and practitioners establish an evidence-based understanding of the complex, multivariate nature of extremism and radicalization online and its multi-layered relationship with: the vulnerabilities linked to certain narratives and ideologies that constitute a part of public discourse and can be weaponized with specific aims. this report does highlight specific domains, channels and other digital spaces to aid practitioners in understanding the mechanics of the digital spaces analyzed.